Breast diseases are common in women. The greatest concern regarding breast diseases is whether or not they are breast cancer. Actually, many conditions related to the breast are not cancerous, but it is important to clarify what they are. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in developed countries. It is estimated that one in every eight women will develop breast cancer. Therefore, it is best for any breast-related issues to be evaluated by a general surgeon.

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Early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer can lead to complete recovery for many patients.

 

To achieve early detection of breast cancer:

1. Individuals should perform self-examinations monthly starting from the age of twenty.

2. From the age of twenty to forty, individuals should undergo breast examinations by a general surgical specialist every three years, and then annually from the age of forty.

3. Starting from the age of forty, annual mammography is recommended.

 

Breast Lumps

Not all lumps in the breast are cancerous; only about 10-15% of them are associated with cancer. The likelihood of cancer is much lower, especially in younger individuals. The majority of breast lumps are benign conditions such as fibrocystic changes, fibroadenomas, or abscesses. However, the presence of a lump does not guarantee it is not cancerous. Especially in recent years, the risk of cancer in young individuals has been increasing. Therefore, finding a lump in the breast should not immediately cause alarm, but it is important to consult a general surgeon without delay.

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Breast Pain

Breast pain is the most common complaint associated with the breast in women. Most of these pains are related to hormonal changes that occur every month and are considered physiological and normal. Generally, breast pain in women raises concerns about breast cancer. However, masses that cause cancer typically do not cause pain. The presence of pain does not raise additional suspicion for cancer. Nevertheless, breast pain should be evaluated by a general surgeon to understand the underlying cause.

 

Nipple Discharge

A significant portion of nipple discharge is hormonal. However, discharge can develop rarely due to cancer or problems in the milk ducts. Especially spontaneous, unilateral, and bloody discharges can be indicators of breast cancer.

 

Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer

Technological advancements and routine breast cancer screening programs allow for the early detection of breast cancer. Standard methods for breast cancer diagnosis include breast ultrasound, mammography, and needle biopsy of suspicious structures. In addition to these, other biopsy methods such as MRI, PET scans, vacuum-assisted biopsy, and surgical biopsy may be necessary depending on the patient and the disease.

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Significant progress has been made in the treatment of breast cancer. Advanced surgical techniques, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, as well as targeted drug therapies, provide effective treatment options. Close collaboration with an oncologist is crucial in breast cancer treatment. In terms of breast cancer surgery, the approach has shifted from the complete removal of the breast, which used to be common practice, to breast-conserving surgical treatment methods. In recent years, oncoplastic surgical techniques have emerged, allowing for the preservation of the aesthetic appearance of both breasts during cancer surgery. Collaborative surgeries with plastic surgeons can also be performed when necessary.